Перегляд вихідного коду сторінки M577

{{Завершити переклад|en}}

{{Infobox weapon
| name                 = M577 Командно-штабна машина (comand post carrier)
| image                = M577.JPG
| image_size           = 300
| caption              = 
| origin               = [[United States]]
| type                 = [[БТР]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_vehicle           = yes
<!-- Service history -->| час служби           = 1963–с.ч.
| використання         = див. ''[[#Оператори|Operators]]''
| wars                 = {{plainlist|
* численне, включаючи:
* [[Vietnam War]]
* [[Six-Day War]]
* [[Yom Kippur War]]
* [[1982 Lebanon War]]
* [[Gulf War]]
* [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
* [[Iraqi conflict (2003–2011)]]
}}
<!-- Production history -->| designer             = [[FMC Corporation]]
| design_date          = 1962
| manufacturer         = [[BAE Systems]] (з 2005 року)
| unit_cost            = 
| production_date      = 
| number               = over 7300<ref name=AWM>{{cite web |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C2133978 |title=M577A1 Armoured Command Vehicle ARN 134456 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
| variants             = див.''[[#Variants|Variants]]''
<!-- General specifications -->| length               = {{convert|194|in|m|2}}<ref name=TM224-14>{{cite book |title=Technical Manual Transport Guidance M113 Family of Vehicles |publisher=Headquarters, Department of the Army |publication-place=United States of America |date=1 лютого 1993 |id=TM 55-2350-224-14}}</ref>
| width                = {{convert|105.8|in|m|2}}<ref name=TM224-14/>
| height               = {{convert|106.5|in|m|2}}<ref name=TM224-14/>
| weight               = see ''[[#Basic Versions|Basic Versions]]''
| crew                 = 2 (водій+ командир)
| passengers           = 3 оператори
<!-- Vehicle specifications -->| armour               = 5083 Aluminium Alloy {{convert|38|-|45|mm|in}}<ref name=CS>{{cite book |title=M-113 In The 1990s (Part 1) |author=Carl Schulze |publisher=Concord Publications |series=Mini Color Series |publication-place=Hong Kong |year=2004|isbn=9623616775}}</ref><ref name=WS>{{cite web |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/170-M577 |title=M577 - M1068 |publisher=WeaponSystems.net |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
| clearance            = 
| drive                = гусениці
| engine               = див.''[[#Базові версії|Basic Versions]]''
| engine_power         = 
| fuel_capacity        = {{convert|120|usgal|L|0|abbr=off}}
| pw_ratio             = 
| primary_armament     = 
| secondary_armament   = 
| steering             = hydostatic, integrated with transmission
| suspension           = torsion bar, 5 road wheels
| speed                = see ''[[#Basic Versions|Basic Versions]]''
| transmission         = see ''[[#Basic Versions|Basic Versions]]''
| vehicle_range        = see ''[[#Basic Versions|Basic Versions]]''
| назва                = 
}}

'''M577'''&nbsp;— командно-штабна машина (також відома як M577 Command Post Vehicle або Armored Command Post Vehicle), створена на базі БТР [[M113 (БТР)|M113]] для виконання функцій мобільного командного пункту (тактичного операційного центру) рівня батальйону. Офіційна назва в армії США — ''Carrier, Command Post, Light Tracked M577''.<ref name=TM277-10>{{cite book |title=Operator's Manual for Carrier, Command Post, Light Tracked M577A3 |publisher=Headquarters, Department of the Army |publication-place=United States of America |date=January 2001 |id=TM 9-2350-277-10}}</ref><ref name=MT>{{cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/m577.htm |title=M577 Armored Command Vehicle |publisher=Military-Today |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>

Вперше використовувалась армією США під час війни у В'єтнамі 1962 року. 

==Дизайн==
[[File:M577A3 major components.jpg|thumb|Основні компоненти M577A3]]
[[File:M577 Command Post Carrier (USA) - edited.jpg|thumb|Інтер'єр M577]]
[[File:M577A3 rear view and interior layout.jpg|thumb|M577A3 вигляд позаду та з середини]]

===Шасі та корпус===
M577 використовує шасі та нижню частину корпусу, а також приводи БТР M113. Боковини кузова від щитів двигуна до задньої вантажної рампи було подовжено на 64 см для збільшення висоти заднього відділення до 190 см. <ref name=TM277-10/>

==Виробництво==
Компанії-виробники M577 неодноразово змінювались. Напочатку виробництво здійснювалося  [[United Defense|United Defense Industries]] (UDI) - підрозділом FMC, що займався броньованими транспортними засобами. 1995 року UDI було придбано [[Harsco|Harsco Corporation]], яка перейменувала її на United Defense (UD). У 2005 році UD було придбано [[BAE Systems]] (BAE) та станом на лютий 2020 р., M577 належить до портфелю ''Global Combat Systems Ground Vehicles'' [[BAE Systems Platforms & Services]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en/product/m113-family-of-vehicles |title=M113 Family of Vehicles |publisher=BAE Systems Ground Vehicles |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>

Також M577 вироблялась або перероблялась локально у багатьох країнах відповідно до ліцензії або у партнерстві з BAE:
*'''Австралія:''' [[Tenix Defence]] 
*'''Німеччина:''' [[Flensburger Fahrzeugbau| Flensburger Fahrzeugbau GmbH (FFG)]]
*'''Італія:''' [[OTO Melara]]
*'''Південна Корея:''' [[Daewoo|Daewoo Heavy Indistries]]
*'''Тайвань:''' [[Republic of China Armoured Vehicle Development Center]]
*'''Туреччина:''' [[FNSS Defence Systems]]

Загалом, більш ніж 7300 одиниць техніки було виготовлено (з них близько 3900 од. M577A1{{efn|Many of these vehicles were later upgraded to A2 and A3 specification.}}), що робить M577 найбільш массовим варіантом сімейства M113 після APC.<ref name=AWM/>

==Базова версія==
The M577 has followed a similar upgrade path to the M113 upon which it is based, resulting in the following basic versions:

===M577===
Оригінальна версія базується на шасі M113. Технічні параметри є такими:<ref name=CS/><ref name=WS/>
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Двигун
| [[Chrysler B engine#361|Chrysler 75M]]<br>5.9L V8 4-stroke gasoline<br>{{convert|209|hp|abbr=on}} @4000rpm
|-
! Трансміссія
| [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] TX-200-2A<br>4 передні, 1 задня передача
|-
! Вага (бойове навантаження)
| 10.8 т
|-
! Потужність/вага
| 19.4 кс/т
|-
! Тиск на поверхню
| 0.53 kg/cm²
|-
! Максимальна швидкість
| дорога: {{convert|64|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br>вода: {{convert|6|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}
|-
! Середня позашляхова швидкість
| ''not available''
|-
! Прискорення 0-32 км на годину
| 12 сек
|-
! Запас ходу
| 320 км
|}

===M577A1===
На основі M113A1, представлено 1964 року:<ref name=CS/><ref name=WS/>
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Двигун
| [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V-53<br>5.2L V6 2-stroke diesel<br>{{convert|212|hp|abbr=on}} @2800rpm
|-
! Трансміссія
| [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] TX-100-1<br>3 передні, 1 задня передача
|-
! Вага (бойове навантаження)
| 11.1 т
|-
! Потужність/вага
| 19.1 кс/т
|-
! Тиск на поверхню
| 0.55 kg/cm²
|-
! Максимальна швидкість
| дорога: {{convert|61|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br>вода: {{convert|6|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}
|-
! Середня позашляхова швидкість
| ''not available''
|-
! Прискорення 0-32 км на годину
| 10.5 seconds
|-
! Запас ходу
| {{convert|480|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|}

===M577A2===
Представлено 1979 року з урахованням покращень M113A2:<ref name="CS" /><ref name="WS" />

{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Двигун
| [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V-53<br>5.2L V6 2-stroke diesel<br>{{convert|212|hp|abbr=on}} @2800rpm
|-
! Трансміссія
| [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] TX-100-1<br>3 forward, 1 reverse gears
|-
! Вага (бойове навантаження)
| 11.5 t
|-
! Потужність/вага
| 18.4 hp/t
|-
! Тиск на поверхню
| 0.57 kg/cm²
|-
! Максимальна швидкість
| road: {{convert|61|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br>water: {{convert|6|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}
|-
! Середня позашляхова швидкість
| {{convert|27|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
|-
! Прискорення 0-32 км на годину
| 11.7 seconds
|-
! Запас ходу
| {{convert|480|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|}

===M577A3===
In 1987 further improvements were introduced based upon Reliability Improved Selected Equipment (RISE) package fitted to the M113A3. This included a yoke for steering instead of laterals (tillers), a more powerful [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine with a larger alternator increasing output from 100A to 200A, and internal spall liners for improved fragmentation protection for occupants. Weight increased again, and some vehicles were fitted with the larger trimvane from the M113A3 to offset the freeboard issues first encountered with the M577A2.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}

Specifications and performance are as follows:<ref name=CS/><ref name=WS/>

{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Двигун
| [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V-53T<br>5.2L V6 2-stroke turbodiesel<br>{{convert|275|hp|abbr=on}} @2800rpm
|-
! Трансміссія
| [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] TX-200-4A<br>4 forward, 2 reverse gears
|-
! Вага (бойове навантаження)
| 12.5 t
|-
! Потужність/вага
| 22.0 hp/t
|-
! Тиск на поверхню
| 0.61 kg/cm²
|-
! Максимальна швидкість
| road: {{convert|66|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br>water: {{convert|6|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}
|-
! Середня позашляхова швидкість
| {{convert|35|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
|-
! Прискорення 0-32 км на годину
| 8.1 seconds
|-
! Запас ходу
| {{convert|455|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|}

===M577A4===
A4 є наступним поколінням модернізації M577, розробленим BAE Systems (у партнерстві з FNSS)<ref>{{cite magazine|title=M113 Family of Vehicles Capability and Sustainment Program|url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/|format=PDF|publisher=FNSS|access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>.

==Варіанти==
Like the M113 upon which it is based, there are many variants of the M577 in service, many specific to a particular country's army.

==Operators==
===Військові===
====Дійсні оператори====
[[File:M577_V2.gif|thumb|M577A1 of the Royal Netherlands Army. Some of these vehicles were later sold to Bahrain.]]

* {{flag|Afghanistan}}: in 2005 the [[Afghan National Army]] received 15 second-hand M577A2 vehicles from the U.S.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Argentina}}: in 1967 the [[Argentine Army]] received 10 10 M577A1 Command Post Vehicles, and a further 10 in 1992.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Australia}}: the Australian Army operated a fleet of up to 70 M577A1s used as command post vehicles and armoured ambulances. For those mechanised/motorised units whereby the M113A1 APC and other variants have been replaced by the [[ASLAV]] family of vehicles, the M577A1 has been replaced by the ASLAV Armoured Command Vehicle. Between June 2002 and September 2012, under the M113 Major Upgrade Project 43 M577A1 Armoured Command Vehicles and 15 M577A1 Armoured Ambulances were upgraded and re-designated the M113AS3 Armoured Command Vehicle and M113AS3 Armoured Ambulance respectively. These vehicles are due to replaced from 2025 with the equivalent variant(s) of a new Infantry Fighting Vehicle under Phase 3 of the Land 400 program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/major-programs/land-400-phase-3-armoured-fighting-vehicles |title=LAND 400 P3 IFC APC |publisher=Defence Connect |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Bahrain}}: operates three (3) M577A1 sourced from the Netherlands and fifteen (15) M577A2 sourced from the U.S.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Brazil}}: in 2015 Brazil negotiated with the U.S. through the Foreign Military Sales program the purchase of up to 200 surplus M577A2 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zona-militar.com/2020/01/06/the-brazilian-army-negotiates-the-acquisition-of-a-second-batch-of-m577-a2-vehicles/ |title=The Brazilian Army negotiates the acquisition of a second batch of M577 A2 vehicles |author=Anderson Barros |date=6 січня 2020 |publisher=Zona Militar |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref> As at October 2018, 124 vehicles have been delivered.{{Cn|date=December 2021}} In September 2020, the U.S. donated a further 20 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2020/09/17/brazilian-army-receives-thirty-armored-tanks-donated-by-united-states |title=Brazilian Army receives thirty armored tanks donated by United States |publisher=MercoPress |date=17 вересня 2020 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref> The vehicles will operate in the roles of ambulance, command centre and communications.
* {{flag|Canada}}: as at 2015 the [[Canadian Army]] were operating 33 M577A3 Command Post Vehicles which are scheduled to be replaced by the LAV 6.0 Armoured Combat Support Vehicle between 2020 and 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/app-acq/amd-dp/vbsc-acsv-eng.html |title=Armoured combat support vehicles |date=29 серпня 2019 |publisher=Public Services and Procurements Canada |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Egypt}}: between 1980 and 2002 the [[Egyptian Army]] purchased 280 M577s from the U.S.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Greece}}: the [[Hellenic Army]] operates 249 M577A2 Command Post Vehicles. Many units were purchased second-hand from the U.S.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flaglist|Israel}}: known as the ''Mugaf'' in Israeli service, vehicles are equipped with external stowages and storage racks along the hull sides, similar to those seen on IDF M579 Fitter's vehicles.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Jordan}}: in February 2018 Jordan received 180 surplus M577A3 Command Post Vehicles donated by the U.S. Army<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/us_gives_jordan_150_m557_command_post_vehicles.html |title=US gives Jordan 150 M577 Command Post Vehicles |publisher=Army Recognition |date=20 лютого 2018 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kuwait}}: the [[Kuwait Army]] operates 30 M577 Command Post Vehicles, mostly M577A1s.{{Cn|date=September 2021}} Following the 1991 [[Gulf War]] a number of M577A3s were purchased from the U.S. to replace vehicles destroyed by Iraqis forces.<ref name=CS/>
* {{flag|Lebanon}}: the [[Lebanese_Armed_Forces#Lebanese_Ground_Forces|Lebanese Ground Forces]] and the [[Republican Guard (Lebanon)|Republican Guard]] operate the M577A1. Some of these vehicles may have been captured from Israel during the 1982 and 2006 wars.<ref>{{cite book |title=M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon |author=Moustafa El-Assad |series=Blue Steel III |publisher=Blue Steel |date=January 2007 |publication-place=Lebanon |asin=B001F8OPZW}}</ref>
* {{flag|Lithuania}}: in 2016 the [[Lithuanian Land Forces]] purchased 168 second-hand M577s from Germany. The vehicles are used in the roles of command, indirect fire support, medical evacuation and training.<ref name=Lith>{{cite web |url=https://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/179162/lithuania-buys-m577-armored-personnel-carriers-from-germany.html |title=Lithuania Buys M577 Armoured Personnel Carriers to Complement Units of the Lithuanian Armed Forces |publisher=Defense-Aerospace |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
* {{flaglist|Norway}}: in 2018 FFG of Germany won the contract for the supply of the new Armoured Combat Support Vehicle (ACSV), based on their [[PMMC G5|Protected Mission Module Carrier (PMMC) G5]].  As part of this contract, the [[Norwegian Army]]'s fleet of NM196 and NM198 vehicles (local variants of the M577A2) will be modernised, including upgrading the engine and transmission to the company's G4 power pack consisting of a MTU 6V199 TE2 turbo-diesel and ZF LSG 1000 HD transmission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/land/3447-ffg-support-vehicles-for-norway.html |title=FFG SUPPORT VEHICLES FOR NORWAY |publisher=Mönch Publishing Group |date=30 травня 2018 |access-date=4 березня 2021 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926093902/https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/land/3447-ffg-support-vehicles-for-norway.html/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffg-flensburg.de/en/products/modernizations/m113-upgrade/ |title=M113 UPGRADE |publisher=FFG |access-date=11 вересня 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Portugal}}: the [[Portuguese Army]] has received a total of 68 M577A2 vehicles of which 49 are in service; 46 command post vehicles and 3 ambulances.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: in 1984 the [[Royal Saudi Land Forces]] purchased an unknown number of M57712 Command Post Vehicles from the U.S., followed by an additional purchase of M577A3 versions in 1994. Commencing 2015, all vehicles were upgraded to A4 specification as part of a modernisation program for their entire fleet of M113-derived vehicles. As at June 2017, an unknown number of these vehicles remained in service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://forums.eugensystems.com/viewtopic.php?t=50337 |title=Gulf/Arab Kingdoms pro-BLUE coalition |publisher=Eugen Systems |date=4 січня 2015 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickriver.com/photos/145177318@N02/35288967505/ |title=Saudi M577 |publisher=Kadir Aksoy |date=13 червня 2017 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rfventures.co/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Armored-vehicles-market-2019.pdf |title=Armored Vehicles Market Report 2019 |publisher=Defence IQ |access-date=16 березня 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|South Korea}}: the [[Republic of Korea Army]] operates the [[K200 KIFV#Variants#Tracked|K277A1]],  a locally-built version of the M577A1 Command Post Vehicle.{{Cn|date=December 2021}}
* {{TWN}}: the [[Republic of China Army]] operates the [[CM-21 Armored Vehicle#CM-26 Command Track|CM-26 Command Track]], a locally-built version of the M577A2 Command Post Vehicle.
* {{flag|United States}}: the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] operates large numbers and many variants of the M577, most upgraded to A3 specification. Commencing September 2020, these vehicles are scheduled for replaced by equivalent variants of the [[Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2020/09/02/first-armored-multi-purpose-vehicle-for-us-army-rolls-of-bae-production-line/ |title=First Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle for US Army rolls off BAE production line |publisher=Defense News |author=Jen Judson |date=2 вересня 2020 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Yemen}}: as of 2015, the [[Republic of Yemen Armed Forces|Armed Forces of Yemen]] operated six M577A1 Command Post Vehicles, with one vehicles assigned to each of its six mechanised brigades. With the on-going war in that country, the current status of these vehicles is unknown.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/yemen_yemeni_army_land_ground_forces_uk/yemen_yemeni_army_land_ground_armed_forces_military_power_equipment_armored_vehicle_intelligence_uk.html |title=Yemen Land Forces military equipment and vehicles of Yemeni Army |publisher=Army Recognition |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/pdf_uploadanalysisFebruary_2015_Yemen_Order_of_Battle.pdf |title=Yemen Order of Battle |author=Charles Caris |date=February 2015 |access-date=15 лютого 2021}}</ref>

==Схожі транспортні засоби==
* [[AIFV#Dutch_variants|AIFV Command Post Vehicle (AIFV-B-CP)]]
* [[LAV-25#Derivatives|LAV Command and Control Vehicle (LAV-C2)]]
* M4 Command and Control Vehicle (M4 C2V)
* [[M1130 Commander's Vehicle]]
* [[AIFV#Dutch_variants|YPR-765 PRCO-C Armored Command Post Vehicle]]

==Примітки==
{{notelist}}

==Посилання==
{{reflist}}

[[Категорія:Бронетехніка США]]
[[Категорія:Командно-штабні машини]]
[[Категорія:Бронетехніка В'єтнамської війни]]
[[Категорія:МТД Україні для відбиття російської агресії]]